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Entamoeba histolytica
''Entamoeba histolytica'' is an anaerobic parasitic protozoan, part of the genus ''Entamoeba''. Predominantly infecting humans and other primates, ''E. histolytica'' is estimated to infect about 50 million people worldwide. Previously, it was thought that 10% of the world population was infected, but these figures predate the recognition that at least 90% of these infections were due to a second species, ''E. dispar''. Mammals such as dogs and cats can become infected transiently, but are not thought to contribute significantly to transmission.
The word ''histolytic'' literally means "Tissue destroyer"
== Transmission ==
The active (trophozoite) stage exists only in the host and in fresh loose feces; cysts survive outside the host in water, in soils, and on foods, especially under moist conditions on the latter. The cysts are readily killed by heat and by freezing temperatures, and survive for only a few months outside of the host. When cysts are swallowed they cause infections by excysting (releasing the trophozoite stage) in the digestive tract.
The pathogenic nature of ''E. histolytica'' was first reported by Lösch in 1875, but it was not given its Latin name until Fritz Schaudinn described it in 1903. ''E. histolytica'', as its name suggests (''histo''–''lytic'' = tissue destroying), is pathogenic; infection can be asymptomatic or can lead to amoebic dysentery or amoebic liver abscess.〔〔 〕 Symptoms can include fulminating dysentery, bloody diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, abdominal pain, and amoeboma. The amoeba can actually 'bore' into the intestinal wall, causing lesions and intestinal symptoms, and it may reach the blood stream. From there, it can reach different vital organs of the human body, usually the liver, but sometimes the lungs, brain, spleen, etc. A common outcome of this invasion of tissues is a liver abscess, which can be fatal if untreated. Ingested red blood cells are sometimes seen in the amoeba cell cytoplasm.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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